Manufacturing nuts.



J. V. CULLINEY.

MANUFACTURING NUTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1914.

g Pmienteol Nov. 10, 19145;.

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MANUFACTURING NUT$.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. t0, 1 e1 4.

Application filed May 25, 1914. Serial No. 840,673.

To all whom, it may concern Be it known that T, JOHN V. CULLINEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lebanon, in the county of Lebanon and State of Pennsylvaniafhavd invented certain new and useful Improvements in Manufacturing Nuts, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates particularly to the manufacture of nuts from cold stock, and my main object is to provide an improved process whereby fully formed apertured til nuts may be simply and economically produced and wastage of metal avoided.

The invention is fully described in connection with the accompanying drawings and the novel features are specifically pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 indicates a solid blank such as is employed in my improved process, and the rolled bar from which it is cut; and Fig. 2 indicates a finished nut blank to be produced. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a simple dieing mechanism adapted for conveniently effecting all the successive steps of my complete process; the section being taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. A. Fig.

4 is a plan view of the top die plate as rotatably mounted on the cooperating fixed bed plate. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view on the line 55 of Fig. l, indicating the final punching and discharging operations respectively. Fig. 6 is a cross-septionalg view on the line 66 of Fig. 4, indicatingintermediate piercing-and-expanding operations which may be advantageously em ployed in some cases.

The solid blanks A employed in my improved process are cut from a rolled bar B of suitable soft or lowcarbon steel as usual; the cross-section of said bar corresponding approximately with that of the apertured nut blank to be produced, but being of less contour than thelatter so as to permit of the severed blank A being loosely placed in the forming die; and the thickness of said solid blank being such as to provide a mass of metal approximately equal to that of the apertured nut blank to be produced. The blanks A are preferably sheared ,from the bar B-so as to avoid any wastage of metal, the reduced cross-section of the bar permit ting of such distortion of the blank as is unavoidable in shearing without preventing a forming die for nut blanks.

the free insertion of the blank in the forming die as hereinafter described.

Referring to the simple apparatus indicated in the drawings, 2 is a die bed having a hardened plane top surface 3; and l is a movable die plate rotatably mounted upon said ,bed and provided, as shown, with a circular series of openings 5, 5, 5, each shaped to correspond with the finished nut blank andadapted to serve in connection with the end closure therefor formed by the cooperating plane surface 3 of the fixed bed l, as Arranged to cooperate with this rotary die plate or turret a, is a corresponding series of vertically reciprocated pressers or punches, 10, 11, 12, l3, l4, and 15 respectively as indicated, each of which is adapted to operate in succession upon the blanks A supplied to the rotary I fecting the same.

Each blank A is placed in one of the die pockets of the rotary die plate A as said pocket is swung into position for the operator, and is then carried first into alinement with the presser 11, which is shaped to the hexagon form of the die pocket as shown. The descent/of this presser 11, compresses the metal blank so as to cause a flow of the metal sufficient to symmetrically shape the blank in the die, the thickness of the blank being slightly reduced by such pressure. The next step-bystep rotary movements of the die plate bring the blank into alinement with the piercing-and-expanding presscrs which form the aperture or eye of the nut blank; three of these being indicated in the drawings at 11, 12, and 13, as adapted to spread the axial metal of the blank gradually by successive pressing operations, though it is obviously possible and within the scope of my invention to employ a greater or less number of such piercingand-expanding pressers. as may be found requisite or desirable, the final a wafer-like residue 20 of axial metal at the base portion of the blank, which is cutaway in the succeeding operation by the punch 14, and discharged through the passage way 16 0f the bed plate as the only wastage metal in my improved process. The final operation is the discharge of the finished blank through the passage way 17 of the bed plate by the discharging presser 15. In the manufacture of cap-nuts, the operation of the punch 14 upon thenut blank is omitted, and the blank is discharged by the presser 15 without the wafer-like residue 20 being severed.

As indicated in the cross-sectional views of the forming nutblank, the natural flow of the metal under the successive pressing operations leaves the lower sharp corner portions 21 of the die pockets unfilled, thus forming a crown 22 upon the base portion of the blank as it is operated upon by the dies, without shaping the latter to compel such a flow of the metal; and the opposite face 23 which is the base of the completed nut blank, is ordinarily satisfactorily flat without subjecting it to any flattening pressure subsequent to the'action of the first presser 10. The percentage of metal wasted is trifling, and the cost of production reduced to a minimum, While the quality of the product is improved due to the compacting of the metal by the pressing operations described. The bar B from which the blanks A are cut may be of black or rough material, but the finishing nuts, due to the working of the metal, are bright and polished, of the kind known in the trade as chamfered and trimmed. This commercially more valuable nut is thus produced without expensive finishing operations as ordinarily required.

It is to be noted that the effect of the several operations upon cold metal is entirely from what it would be were the same practised on hot metal. WVere the metal hot, it would be forced into the corners 21 and no crowning effect would result, but owing to the peculiarities of cold metal, the said corner portions 21 of the die pocket are unfilled, and as the result a crown is formed on the blank as previously described.

\Vhat I claim is 1. In the manufacture of nuts, the method of forming the bolt openings in and of crowning the blanks, consisting in confining the sidesand one end of the blank, and displacing the metal of the central portion of the blank while cold by pressure exerted from the other end of the blank toward the confining medium at the opposite end.

2. In the manufacture of nuts, the method of forming the bolt openings in and of crowning the blanks, consisting in confining the sides and one end of the blank, displacing the metal of the central portion of the blank while cold by pressure exerted from the other end of the blank towar'd the confining medium at the opposite end, and permitting the blank freedom of expansion away from the said confining medium.

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN V. CULLINEY.

Witnesses DAVID M. FRY, ARTHUR S. HOSTE'ITER. 

